Paper Example on Lisdexamfetamine for Treatment of BED

BED is an abbreviation for Binge eating disorder which is a severe disease that subjects threats to the life of an individual. The disorder is characterized by intense, recurrent episodes of consuming large quantities and junks of food in a gluttonous way to appoint of making the personal experience some form of stress after completing the food. The disorder is prevalent in the United States of America, and it is characterized by eating at an interval of not more than two hours (Citrome, 2015).

Literature review of Jama Psychiatry on Lisdexamfetamine for treatment of BED

IT was outlined that BED lacks a clear and approved pharmacotherapy due to the characteristics and conditions that emanate from the uncontrolled consumption of foods that leads to metabolic syndrome and obesity. The objective of the article was to make a clear outline of the safety and efficacy of Lisdexamfetamine for treatment of severe BED (Berg et al., 2012).

The research on the effectiveness and viability of the drug is viable since it was done since May 10, 2011, through a series of forced dose titration, by a double-blind and parallel group which provided placebo-controlled trials in about 30 sites up to January 2012. It took the team a 259 and 255 adults with the disorder to conclude (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

The intervention performed during the period was a dosage of 30, 50 and 70 mg/d for participants in the ratio 1:1:1:1 for three weeks and went on for up to eight weeks. The outcomes were obtained by changing Binge-eating behaviors for eleven weeks with the help of model transformed log and a second measure that included a four-week BE cessation. They outline a safety assessment of any emergence of vital signs, adverse events and a change in weight.

The 50mg/d recorded a significant change in the people who were passed through the trial with a change of -1.49 which is equivalent to 0.066: p=0.008. The 70mg/d recorded a -1.57 (0.067) that is equivalent to p<0.001. the 30 mg/d was an underestimate since it recorded poor outcomes (Fornaro et al., 2016).

Adverse effects of Treatment

Despite the fact that the treatment showed positive results in minimizing BED, there was a 58.7% number of people with adverse effects and a further 1.5% of them who showed adverse effects that were an emergency. Efficacy was demonstrated with the 50-mg/d and the 70-mg/d for the decreased BE cessation, BE days and global improvement. The attention and deficit disorder is still under investigation, but the Lisdexamfetamine is still in practice for treatment of BED.

I am in agreement with the method used in testing and treatment of BED since 1.5% of the people who showed an adverse emergency situation is a small group of individuals. All the experiment and trials were done through an insight into the international standards for safety of drugs, and hence I agree with the methods (Stein et al., 2012).

The measure of efficacy was done by measuring some BE days in a week depending on the interview of the clinician on the identified BE episodes that were in self-reported diaries of BE. They also performed secondary measures of efficacy that included BE episodes per week: week four cessation and week one-episode response. Safety of Lisdexamfetamine was evaluated through electro cardiology and other measures. Since the research was performed in more than 12 months, the results showed consistency during the period and are partially consistent with other studies. I agree with the conclusion of the research that it requires further assessment to determine why the 1.5% of the population showed adverse effects (McElroy et al., 2015).

References

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association

Berg K.C., Stiles-Shields E.C., Swanson, S.A., Peterson, CB, Lebow J., & Grange D. (2012). Diagnostic concordance of the interview and questionnaire versions of the Eating Disorder Examination. Int J Eat Disord.;45(7):850-855.google sc

Citrome, L. (2015). Lisdexamfetamine for binge eating disorder in adults: a systematic review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved indicationwhat is the number needed to treat, the number needed to harm and likelihood to be helped or harmed?. International journal of clinical practice, 69(4), 410-421.

Fornaro, M., Solmi, M., Perna, G., De Berardis, D., Veronese, N., Orsolini, L., ... & Stubbs, B. (2016). Lisdexamfetamine in the treatment of moderate-to-severe binge eating disorder in adults: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis of publicly available placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 12, 1827.

McElroy, S. L., Hudson, J. I., Mitchell, J. E., Wilfley, D., Ferreira-Cornwell, M. C., Gao, J., ... & Gasior, M. (2015). Efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine for treatment of adults with moderate to severe binge-eating disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 72(3), 235-246.

McElroy, S. L., Hudson, J., Ferreira-Cornwell, M. C., Radewonuk, J., Whitaker, T., & Gasior, M. (2016). Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate for adults with moderate to severe binge eating disorder: results of two pivotal phase 3 randomized controlled trials. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(5), 1251.McElroy, S. L., Guerdjikova, A. I., Mori, N., & Keck, P. E. (2015). Psychopharmacologic treatment of eating disorders: emerging findings. Current psychiatry reports, 17(5), 35.

Stein, M. A., Weiss, M., & Hlavaty, L. (2012). ADHD treatments, sleep, and sleep problems: complex associations. Neurotherapeutics, 9(3), 509-517.